One gif from the anime captures the difference between how Sasuke and his two teammates respond to authority:

After being zapped by their team leader, the difference in reactions is striking: Naruto and Sakura look terrified; Sasuke just looks hacked. It might be merely an offhand comedic moment, but this brief clip pretty decently depicts genin Team 7's relationship to authority and law. While this ignores a lot of the nuances of Naruto Uzumaki's character, it more or less captures the general difference between Sasuke and his teammates.

Kakashi electrocuted his three students after Naruto and Sasuke's scrabbling was grating on Kakashi's nerves and Sakura's enthusiastic flirting was likewise irritating him. Assuming Team 7 needed aggressive disciplinary measures, Kakashi zapped them with a lightning shock to make them obedient to his orders and to get their attention.

Naruto and Sakura are frightened by Kakashi's forceful tactics. Kakashi is in charge, a higher power who will use that power against them to keep them in line. Naruto and Sakura are so scared that they don't think to challenge authority at all. They cower in fear, afraid of an adult authority treating them with such harsh methods. They are shocked and hurt, scared into obedience and not daring to cross Kakashi any further.

On the other hand, Sasuke is triggered and angered by Kakashi's act, turning in total irritation to glare at Kakashi. Sasuke isn't at all frightened by Kakashi's forceful authority; he's only infuriated by it. Sasuke's expression makes it clear he believes Kakashi has overstepped his boundaries and gone too far in using physical force in a situation that could have been as easily resolved with words. Sasuke won't tolerate things he feels are unjust or unfair or when he is being treated poorly. Sasuke looks like he's ready to fight against Kakashi unfair methods, whereas Naruto and Sakura are merely spooked into subservience, afraid to challenge authority and only able to gaze at it in terror.

And we see this play out several times with genin Team 7: Naruto and Sakura respond to Kakashi's authority and threats with fear, Sasuke responds with anger and/or defiance. 

Of course, I don't want to throw Naruto and Sakura under the bus: Naruto and Sakura both have no problem with challenging the status quo and they're not always the most respectful of authority either. Naruto and Sasuke both challenge the status quo and Naruto is a force of dramatic change throughout the series.

The difference is that Naruto is more inclined to cooperate with and consider the feelings of others and do his best to work within the framework of pre-established rules and regulations that people erected. Naruto will radically change things, but in a way that accommodates the feelings and wishes of others, whereas Sasuke generally won't. Sasuke is rebellious and doesn't work well with following laws or authority. He will tolerate others' ideas and accept the institutions that other people want, but he's not the most cooperative nor understanding or sympathetic, as he prefers to do his own thing without much caring about the input of others around him.

As a rambunctious troublemaker who pulls pranks, Naruto has no qualms with flaunting authority or rules at times, but he has respect for authority and laws as well. After all, it is his dream to be a part of the system. Since his dream is to be Hokage, Naruto wants to be at the head of society's structure and climb his way up the ranks of the current system. But Naruto doesn't want to be a cog of the system: he wants to be at the head of it. While Naruto doesn't always obey all rules, Naruto still respects and understands the purpose and necessity of authority, rules, and laws. Though Naruto also understands the flaws of society, as he rejects society's ways in the first arc and that radical philosophy only continues to grow as Naruto's journey centers around changing and revolutionizing the system but within the framework of the system.

Sakura is the most lawful when it comes to following leadership and authority. Sakura herself notes that the difference between her and Naruto is that she was raised as having to follow rules and behave, so politeness and rule-following is more important to her than it is to the two boys on her team. Sakura is the rule follower, bound by decorum and social niceties, often chewing out Naruto for breaching the gaps of proper social conduct.

Sakura doesn't reimagine things the way Naruto and Sasuke do because she cares more about following rules and keeping in society's established patterns rather than breaking out of them. Sakura's hesitancy to break Kakashi's rule of not feeding Naruto's lunch speaks to her timidness in the face of rules and authority.

Her expressed jealousy for Naruto being allowed to do whatever he wants while she is stuck obeying her parents' rules show that Sakura finds challenging authority an alluring option, but authority is meant to be followed, and her fear usually overrides her ability to disobey authority. Instead, she's inclined to trust authority's judgment, at least during her genin years – not so much during her teenage years.

Anyway, this general reaction among the three genin teammates is seen repeatedly throughout the series: Naruto and Sakura freak out with comical exaggeration while Sasuke stays calm and determined or otherwise defiantly hostile. Very little intimidates or frightens Sasuke, and certainly not authority figures who haven't done anything to earn his respect.

After concluding the team's introductions, Kakashi presents the next day's challenge. Kakashi employs fear tactics, making the test sound intimidating and terrifying, particularly when he reveals that it has a 66% failure rate. Naturally, Naruto and Sakura react with fear and worry to this revelation, falling prey to Kakashi's scare tactics. Sasuke isn't so easily frightened or intimidated. He reacts to Kakashi's scare tactics not with fear, but with the determined expression of someone ready to meet a challenge head-on.

Sasuke has a decidedly different relationship to Kakashi than the other two because Sasuke isn't scared or intimidated by Kakashi's authority. Sasuke prefers doing his own thing, doing what he wants to do or what he thinks is right, regardless of what any authority figure might say, command, or want.

Sasuke will respect and obey authority and has no problem with following rules, but only if the authority figures have earned his respect and only if the rules make sense and have logical reasoning behind them. If a rule doesn't make sense to Sasuke, he won't follow it but will instead find something else that does.