1. What is routing?

is the process of finding a path on which data can pass from source to destination.

Routing is done by a device called routers, which are network layer devices.

2. What is the purpose of data link?

The job of the data link layer is to check messages are sent to the . Another function of this layer is framing.

3. What are the key advantages of using switches?

When a switch receives a signal, it creates a frame out of the bits that can be extracted from that signal. With this , it gains access and reads the destination address, after which it forwards that frame to the appropriate port. This is a very efficient means of data transmission, instead of broadcasting it on all ports.

4. When does network congestion occur?

occurs when too many users are typing to use the same bandwidth. This is especially true in big networks that do not resort to network segmentation.

5. Does a bridge divide a network into smaller segments?

No really. What a actually does is to take the large network and filter it, without

changing the size of the network.

6. What is the role of LLC sublayer?

The , short for Logical Link Control, can provide optional services to an application developer. One option is to provide flow control to the Network layer by using stop/start codes. The LLC can provide error correction.

7. How does RIP differ from IGRP?

relies on the number of hops in order to determine the best route to a network. On the other hand, IGRP takes the consideration many factors before it decides the best route to take, such as bandwidth, reliability, MTU and hop count.

8. What are the different memories used in a CISCO router?

· NVRAM stores the startup configuration file.

· stores the configuration file that is being executed.

· Flash memory – stores the Cisco IOS.

9. What is BootP?

is a protocol that is used to boot diskless workstations that are connected to the network.

It is short for boot program. Diskless workstations also use bootP in order to determine its own IP address as well as IP address to the server PC.

10. What is the function of the application layer in networking?

The supports the communication components of an application and provides network services to application processes that span beyond the OSI reference model specifications. It also synchronizes applications on the server and client.