My salvation came from a totally unexpected source, which, at the same time, brought a new element into my life that has affected it to this very day. A new boy had just been enrolled in our school. He was the son of a well-to-do widow who had come to live in our town; he wore a mourning band on his sleeve. Being several years older than I, he was assigned to a grade above me. Still, I could not avoid noticing him, nor could anyone else. This remarkable student seemed much older than he looked; in fact, he did not strike anyone as a boy at all. In contrast to us, he seemed strange and mature, like a man, or rather like a gentleman. He was not popular, did not take part in our games, still less in the general roughhouse, and only his firm, self-confident tone toward the teachers won the admiration of the students. He was called Max Demian. One day--as happened now and again--an additional class was assigned to our large classroom for some reason or other. It was Demian's class. We, the younger ones, were having a Scripture lesson; the higher grade had to write anessay. While the story of Cain and Abel was being drummed into us, I kept glancing toward Demian whose face held a peculiar fascination for me, and I observed the intelligent, light, unusually resolute face bent attentively and diligently over his work; he didn't at all look like a student doing an assignment, but rather like a scientist investigating a problem of his own. I couldn't say that he made a favorable impression on me; onthe contrary, I had something against him: he seemed too superior and detached, his manner too provocatively confident, and his eyes gave him an adult expression--which children never like--faintly sad, with flashes ofsarcasm. Yet I could not help looking at him, no matter whether I liked or detested him, but if he happened toglance my way I averted my eyes in panic. When I think back on it today, and what he looked like as a student at that time, I can only say that he was in every respect different from all the others, was entirely himself, witha personality all his own which made him noticeable even though he did his best not to be noticed; his mannerand bearing was that of a prince disguised among farm boys, taking great pains to appear one of them. He waswalking behind me on the way home from school, and after the others had turned off he caught up with meand said hello. Even his manner of greeting, though he tried to imitate our schoolboy tone, was distinctly adultand polite. "Shall we walk together for a while?" he asked. I felt flattered and nodded. Then I described tohim where I lived. "Oh, over there?" he said and smiled. "I know the house. There's something odd above thedoorway--it interested me at once. " I didn't know offhand what he meant and was astonished that heapparently knew our house better than I did myself. The keystone of the arch above the doorway bore nodoubt a kind of coat of arms but it had worn off with time and had frequently been painted over. As far as Iknew it had nothing to do with us and our family. "I don't know anything about it, " I said shyly. "It's a bird orsomething like that and must be quite old. The house is supposed to have been part of the monastery at onepoint. " "That's quite possible. " He nodded. "Take a good look at it sometime! Such tilings can be quiteinteresting. I believe it's a sparrow hawk. " We walked on. I felt very self-conscious. Suddenly Demianlaughed as though something had struck him as funny. "Yes, when we had class together, " he burst out. "Thestory of Cain who has that mark on his forehead. Do you like it?" No, I didn't. It was rare for me to likeanything we had to learn. Yet I didn't dare confess it, for I felt I was being addressed by an adult. I said I didn'tmuch mind the story Demian slapped me on the back. "You don't have to put on an act for me. But in fact thestory is quite remarkable. It's far more remarkable than most stories we're taught in school. Your teacher didn't go into it at great lengths. He just mentioned the usual things about God and sin and so forth. But I believe --"He interrupted himself and asked with a smile: "Does this interest you at all?" "Well, I think, " he went on,"one can give this story about Cain quite a different interpretation. Most of the things we're taught I'm sure are quite right and true, but one can view all of them from quite a different angle than the teachers do--and most of the time they then make better sense. For instance, one can't be quite satisfied with this Cain and the mark on his forehead, with the way it's explained to us. Don't you agree? It's perfectly possible for someone to kill his brother with a stone and to panic and repent. But that he's awarded a special decoration for his cowardice, a mark that protects him and puts the fear of God into all the others, that's quite odd, isn't it?" "Of course, " I said with interest: the idea began to fascinate me. "But what other way of interpreting the story is there?" He slapped me on the shoulder. "It's quite simple! The first element of the story, it's actual beginning, was the mark. Here was a man with something in his face that frightened the others. They didn't dare lay hands on him; he impressed them, he and his children. We can guess--no, we can be quite certain--that it was not a mark on his forehead like a postmark--life is hardly ever as clear and straightforward as that. It is much more likely that he struck people as faintly sinister, perhaps a little more intellect and boldness in his look than people were used to. This man was powerful: you would approach him only with awe. He had a 'sign. ' You could explain this any way you wished. And people always want what is agreeable to them and puts them in theright. They were afraid of Cain's children: they bore a 'sign. ' So they did not interpret the sign for what it was--a mark of distinction--but as its opposite. They said: 'Those fellows with the sign, they're a strange lot'--and indeed they were. People with courage and character always seem sinister to the rest. It was a scandal that a breed of fearless and sinister people ran about freely, so they attached a nickname and myth to these people to get even with them, to make up for the many times they had felt afraid--do you get it?" "Yes--that is--in that case, Cam wouldn't have been evil at all? And the whole story in the Bible is actually not authentic?" "Yes and no. Such age-old stories are always true but they aren't always properly recorded and aren't alwaysgiven correct interpretations. In short, I mean Cain was a fine fellow and this story was pinned on him only because people were afraid. The story was simply a rumor, something that people gab about, and it was true in so far as Cain and his children really bore a kind of mark and were different from most people. " I was astounded. "And do you believe that the business about killing his brother isn't true either?" I asked,entranced. "Oh, that's certainly true. The strong man slew a weaker one. It's doubtful whether it was really hisbrother, But it isn't important. Ultimately all men are brothers. So, a strong man slew a weaker one: perhaps itwas a truly valiant act, perhaps it wasn't. At any rate, all the other weaker ones were afraid of him from thenon, they complained bitterly and if you asked them: 'Why don't you turn around and slay him, too?' they didnot reply 'Because we're cowards, ' but rather 'You can't, he has a sign. God has marked him. ' The fraud must have originated some way like that. --Oh well, I see I'm keeping you. So long then. " He turned into the Altgasse and left me standing there, more baffled than I had ever been in my life. Yet, almost as soon as he
had gone, everything he had said seemed incredible. Cain a noble person, Abel a coward! Cain's mark a mark of distinction! It was absurd, it was blasphemous and evil. How did God fit in in that case? Hadn't He accepted the sacrifice of Abel? Didn't He love Abel? No, what Demian had said was completely crazy. And I suspected that he had wanted to make fun of me and make me lose my footing. He was clever all right, and he could talk,but he couldn't put that one over, not on me! I had never before given as much thought to a biblical story or to any other story. And for a long time I had not forgotten Franz Kromer as completely; for hours, for a whole evening in fact. At home I read the story once more as written in the Bible. It was brief and unambiguous; it was quite mad to look for a special, hidden meaning. At that rate every murderer could declare that he was God's darling! No, what Demian had said was nonsense. What pleased me was the ease and grace with which he was able to say such things, as though everything were self-evident; and then the look in his eyes! Something was very wrong with me, though; my life was in very great disorder. I had lived in a wholesome and clean world, had been a kind of Abel myself, and now I was stuck deeply in the "other world, " had fallen and sunk very low--yet it hadn't basically been my fault! How was I to consider that? And now a memory flashed within me that for a moment almost left me breathless. On that fatal evening when my misery had begun, there had been that matter with my father. There, for a moment, I had seen through him and his worldof light and wisdom and had felt nothing but contempt for it. Yes, at that moment I, who was Cain and bore the mark, had imagined that this sign was not a mark of shame and that because of my evil and misfortune I stood higher than my father and the pious, the righteous. I had not experienced the moment in this form, in clearly expressed thoughts, but all of this had been contained within it; it had been the eruption of emotions, of strange stirrings, that hurt me yet filled me with pride at the same time. When I considered how strangely Demian had talked about the fearless and the cowardly, what an unusual meaning he had given the mark Cain bore on his forehead, how his eyes, his remarkable adult eyes had lit up, the question flashed through my mind whether Demian himself was not a kind of Cain. Why does he defend Cain unless he feels an affinity with him? Why does he have such a powerful gaze? Why does he speak so contemptuously of the "others, " of the timid who actually are the pious, the chosen ones of the Lord? I could not bring these thoughts to any conclusion. A stone had been dropped into the well, the well was my youthful soul. And for a very long timethis matter of Cain, the fratricide, and the "mark" formed the point of departure for all my attempts at comprehension, my doubts and my criticism. I noticed that Demian exerted equal fascination over the other students. I hadn't told anyone about his version of the story of Cain, but the others seemed to be interested in him, too. At any rate, many rumors were in circulation about the "new boy. " If I could only remember themall now, each one would throw some light on him and could be interpreted. I remember first that Demian'smother was reported to be wealthy and also, supposedly, neither she nor her son ever attended church. One story had it that they were Jewish but they might equally well have been secret Mohammedans. Then there was Max Demian's legendary physical prowess. But this could be corroborated: when the strongest boy in Demian's class had taunted him, calling him a coward when he refused to fight back, Demian had humiliated him. Those who were present told that Demian had grasped the boy with one hand by the neck and squeezed until the boy went pale; afterwards, the boy had slunk away and had not been able to use his arm for a wholeweek. One evening some boys even claimed that he was dead. For a time everything, even the mostextravagant assertions were believed. Then everyone seemed to have had their fill of Demian for a while,though not much later gossip again flourished: some boys reported that Demian was intimate with girls and that he "knew everything. " Meanwhile, my business with Kromer took its inevitable course. I couldn't escape him, for even when he left me alone for days I was still bound to him. He haunted my dreams and what he failed to perpetrate on me in real life, my imagination let him do to me in those dreams in which I was completely his slave. I have always been a great dreamer; in dreams I am more active than in my real life, andthese shadows sapped me of health and energy. A recurring nightmare was that Kromer always maltreated me,spit and knelt on me and, what was worse, led me on to commit the most horrible crimes--or, rather, not somuch led me on as compelled me through sheer force of persuasion. The worst of these dreams, from which Iawoke half-mad, had to do with a murderous assault on my father. Kromer whetted a knife, put it in my hand;we stood behind some trees in an avenue and lay in wait for someone, I did not know whom. Yet when this someone approached and Kromer pinched my arm to let me know that this was the person I was to stab--it was my father. Then I would awake. Although I still drew a connection between these events and the story of Cainand Abel, I gave little thought to Max Demian. When he first approached me again, it was, oddly enough, alsoin a dream. For I was still dreaming of being tortured. Yet this time it was Demian who knelt on me. And--this was totally new and left a deep impression on me--everything I had resisted and that had been agony to me when Kromer was my tormentor I suffered gladly at Demian's hands, with a feeling compounded as much of ecstasy as of fear. I had this dream twice. Then Kromer regained his old place. For years I have been unable to distinguish between what I experienced in these dreams and in real life. In any event, the bad relationship with Kromer continued and by no means came to an end after I had finally paid my debt out of any number of petty thefts. No, for now he knew of these new thefts since he asked each time where I had gotten the money,and I was more in bondage to him than ever. Often he threatened to tell everything to my father but even then my fear was hardly as great as my profound regret at not having done so myself at the very beginning. In the meantime, miserable though I was, I did not regret everything that happened, at least not all the time, and occasionally I even felt that everything had had to happen as it did. I was in the hands of fate and it was useless to try to escape. Presumably, my parents also were distressed by the state I was in. A strange spirit hadtaken hold of me, I no longer fitted into our community, once so intimate; yet often a wild longing came overme to return to it as to a lost paradise. My mother in particular treated me more like an invalid than ascoundrel, but my true status within the family I was better able to judge from my sisters' attitude. Theirs was one of extreme indulgence, which made it plain that I was considered a kind of madman, more to be pitied for his condition than blamed, but possessed by the devil nonetheless. They prayed for me with unusual fervor and I was infinitely miserable when I realized the futility of these prayers. Often I felt a burning need forrelief, for genuine confession, and yet sensed in advance that I would be unable to tell my mother or father,and explain everything properly. I knew that everything I said would be accepted sympathetically, that they would, yes, even feel sorry for me, but that they would not understand, that the whole thing would be regarded as a momentary aberration, whereas in truth it was my fate. I realize that some people will not believe that a child of little more than ten years is capable of having such feelings. My story is not intended for them. I am telling it to those who have a better knowledge of man. The adult who has learned to translate a part of his feelings into thoughts notices the absence of these thoughts in a child, and therefore comes to believe that the child lacks these experiences, too. Yet rarely in my life have I felt and suffered as deeply as at that time. One day it rained. Kromer had ordered me to meet him at the Burgplatz, and there I stood and waited, shuffling among the wet chestnut leaves that were still falling from the black wet trees. I had no money with me but Ihad managed to put aside two pieces of cake and had brought them along so as to be able to give Kromer something at least. By now I was used to standing in some corner and waiting for him, often for a very longtime, and I accepted it the same way one learns to put up with the inevitable. Kromer showed up finally. He didn't stay long. He poked me in the ribs a few times, laughed, took the cake, even offered me a dampcigarette (which, however, I did not accept), and was friendlier than usual. "Yes, " he said nonchalantly beforegoing away, "before I forget it, you might bring your sister along the next time, the older one, what's her name." I failed to get his point and made no reply. I only looked at him, surprised. "Don't you understand? You'reto bring your sister. " "No, Kromer, that's impossible. I wouldn't be allowed to and she wouldn't come in anycase. " I was prepared for this new ruse or pretext of his. He did this often: demanded something impossible,frightened and humiliated me, then gradually offered some bargain as a way out, and I had to buy myself offwith some money or a gift. This time, however, it was altogether different. My refusal did not seem to makehim angry at all. "Well, anyway, " he said in a matter-of-fact tone, "think it over. I'd like to meet your sister.We'll find a way one of these days. You could simply take her along on a walk and then I could join you. I'll give you a whistle tomorrow, then we can talk about it some more. " After he had left, something of thenature of his request suddenly dawned on me. I was still quite ignorant in these matters but I knew from hearsay that boys and girls when they grew older were able to do certain mysterious, repulsive, forbidden things together. And now I was supposed to--it suddenly flashed on me how monstrous his request was! I knew at once that I would never do it. But what would happen then? What revenge would Kromer take on me?I didn't dare think of it. This was the beginning of a new torture for me. Inconsolable, I walked across the desolate square, hands in my pockets. Further and greater agonies awaited me! Suddenly a vigorous cheerful voice called me. I was startled and began to flee. Someone ran after me, a hand grasped me gently frombehind. It was Max Demian. "Oh, it's you, " I said mistrustfully. "You gave me a terrible shock. " He looked down at me and never had his look been more adult, superior, the look of someone who could see through me.We had not spoken to each other for a long time. "I feel sorry for you, " he said in his polite yet decisive manner. "Listen, you can't let yourself be frightened like that. " "Well, one can't always help it. " "So it seems. But look: if you practically go to pieces in front of someone who hasn't done you any harm, then that someone begins to think. He's surprised, he becomes inquisitive, he thinks you're remarkably high-strung and reaches the conclusion that people are always like that when they're deathly afraid. Cowards are constantly afraid, but you're not a coward, are you? Certainly, you're no hero either. There are some things you're afraid of, and some people, too. And that should never be, you should never be afraid of men. You aren't afraid of me? Or are you?" "Oh, no, not at all. " "Exactly. But there are people you are frightened of?" "I don't know...Why don't you let me be?" He kept pace with me--I had quickened my steps with thoughts of escaping--and I felt him glancing at me from the side. "Let's assume, " he began again, "that I don't mean to do you any harm.At any rate, you've no need to be afraid of me. I'd like to try out an experiment on you. It might be fun